Fig. 2

There was a greater population of infiltrating macrophages in kidneys that expressed LY6E compared to those not expressing LY6E in pristane-induced lupus mice. Various numbers of pristane-induced lupus-prone mice were generated as described, maintained for 7 months and then sacrificed for the indicated studies. Several parameters related to inflammation were subsequently analyzed. The titers of serum ANA (A), sizes of the spleens (B), and H&E stains of the kidneys (C) were assessed in different tissue samples from PIL mice and control mice. The results of the immunohistochemical staining analysis of kidneys stained with Abs against LY6E (green), the mouse macrophage marker F4/80 (yellow), and IgG (red) and analyzed by confocal microscopy are presented in 3-dimensional (D) and 3-dimensional zoomed-in (E) images. The number of macrophages that expressed LY6E (LY6E +) or not (LY6E-) was calculated from 2–5 glomeruli of individual mice (F). Statistical analysis was performed with an unpaired t test and two-way ANOVA with Holm‒Sidak’s multiple comparisons test to compare differences among different treatments. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ****i < 0.0001. PIL, pristane-induced lupus