Fig. 7

Therapeutic effects of MT in pathological conditions. A Adaptive transfer of mito-transferred naive CD4 + T cells from old mice into Rag1-KO mice protected these mice against IAV and M. tb infections. B MSCs MT to Th17 reduce IL-17 production in RA, suggesting a novel mechanism for regulating Th17 cells in the inflammatory environment of RA. C MT enhances the function of elderly human T cells by increasing mitochondrial mass, modulating cytokine production, enhancing T cell activation, and reducing exhaustion markers to rejuvenate aged CD4 + T cells, potentially improving immune responses in elderly patients. D transfer of mitochondria from BM-SCs to CD8 + T cells expressing pmel-1 transgenic TCR to promote their antitumor activity against melanoma cells. E MSCs MT reduces early and late apoptosis following electroporation in CAR-T cells and shows an increased cytotoxic activity, potentially enhancing CAR-T treatment outcomes. F In mouse models, Mito + CD19-CAR T reduced leukemia cells and improved survival rates. MT; mitochondrial transfer, RA; rheumatoid arthritis, IAV; influenza A virus, M.tb; mycobacterium tuberculosis, BM-SCs; bone marrow stem cells