Table 1 The metabolism profile of different subtypes of Monocytes and DCs
Cell Type | Metabolic Profile | Main Role |
|---|---|---|
Monocytes | ||
Classical (CD14 + CD16 −) | Predominantly glycolytic metabolism | - Pro-inflammatory cytokine production (TNFα, IL-6, IL-1β) - Differentiation into moDCs and macrophages - Frontline response to infection and tissue damage |
Intermediate (CD14 + CD16 +) | Intermediate between glycolytic and oxidative metabolism | - Bridge between classical and non-classical monocytes - Cytokine production - Antigen presentation - Differentiate into macrophages |
Non-classical (CD14 + CD16 +) | More reliant on OXPHOS | - Patrolling the endothelium - Surveillance and clearance of apoptotic cells; - Type I IFN production in response to viruses |
Dendritic cells | ||
cDC1 (Conventional DC Type 1) | High OXPHOS Fatty Acid Oxidation (FAO) Glycolysis upon activation | - Cross-presentation to CD8 + T cells - Anti-tumor immunity |
cDC2 (Conventional DC Type 2) | Glycolysis-dominant Some OXPHOS Lipid synthesis | - Priming CD4 + T cells (Th2/Th17 responses) |
pDC (Plasmacytoid DC) | High glycolysis Low OXPHOS (unless activated) Glutaminolysis | - Type I interferon (IFN-α/β) production in viral infections |
moDC (Monocyte-Derived DC) | Glycolysis-heavy Decreased OXPHOS upon maturation PPP activation | - Inflammatory responses - Tissue damage repair |